How laws work
Every law has a value, and that value can be moved between a minimum and a maximum. Depending on the law it can be a percentage, an amount of money, a number of years, or a yes-or-no choice.
A law's value has concrete effects on the country. Every law influences some of the nation's statistics, and the effect is stronger the further the value is pushed towards an extreme. Many laws also weigh on the budget: some are an expense, others bring in revenue, in both cases in proportion to GDP. This determines how much money is left available for cost items and for funding institutes and agencies. To give a few examples, you can raise or lower the maximum sentence for murder or the income tax rate.
Who proposes
Members of the Assembly and the Governor can propose changes. Whoever proposes picks the law and the new value.
A proposal does not go to a vote right away: it stays in a queue for a while before reaching the floor, and until then it can be withdrawn. The same law cannot be proposed again immediately in the same direction, but in the meantime opponents can propose a value in the opposite direction to the one just voted on.
The vote
Each member of parliament votes on their own. What matters most is how close the law is to their political positions, but their opinion of the proposer matters too: the same proposal can pass or be rejected depending on who presents it.
How large the proposed change is also matters. The bigger the change, the more moderate members tend to vote against. Those with strong positions on that issue are far less sensitive to this. It is often better to gain a little across several votes than everything at once.
A simple majority is needed to pass. If the proposal passes, the law's value changes and the proposer gains or loses popularity depending on how welcome the change is. If it is rejected, the proposer loses popularity.
Buying a vote
A member of parliament's vote can be forced. Anyone holding confidential information about them can use it to decide how they will vote on a single law, blackmailing them. Alternatively they can be paid off: it costs money and produces evidence of corruption against both parties.